Shared statutory DNA across common-law jurisdictions.
2
countries listed
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no statutory tiers
A group of common-law jurisdictions enacted Electronic Transactions Acts with a closely related structure, most drawing on the UNCITRAL Model Law and on each other. The shared shape is functional equivalence: a legal requirement for a signature is satisfied by an electronic method that identifies the person and indicates their intention, provided the method was as reliable as appropriate in the circumstances, and — in several of these Acts — that the recipient consented to it. The Acts are generally technology-neutral and do not privilege one signing method, so evidential weight is established by the surrounding record. Excluded categories differ by jurisdiction and commonly include wills, powers of attorney and certain property instruments.
These Acts are generally technology-neutral and do not define signature tiers. Where a jurisdiction in this family also operates a licensed certification authority scheme, it is placed in the licensed-provider family instead, because that reservation is the more consequential fact.
Every statement above traces to one of these. Open any of them.
Placement follows the published source named on each entry, not a reading of every national statute. A country moves to a more specific family only once its own law has been sourced.
Countries with a gold outline have a full page of their own.
General information — not legal advice
This page summarizes electronic signature legislation drawn from primary legal sources and international bodies including UNCITRAL and UNCTAD. It is not legal advice and creates no solicitor–client or attorney–client relationship. Laws change, and how they apply depends on the transaction, the parties, and the document type. Before relying on electronic signatures for a regulated, high-value, or cross-border transaction — or for any document type listed as excluded — take advice from qualified counsel in the jurisdiction whose law governs that transaction. That is a separate question from the governing law of your agreement with SignForge, which is set out in our Terms of Service.
Last reviewed: 10 August 2026